| 氮掺杂高比表面多孔碳的一步化学活化法制备及其超电容性能 | |
| N-Doped Porous Carbons with High Surface Areas Prepared Through One-Step Chemical Activation and Their Application for Supercapacitors | |
| 摘要: 以聚氨酯发泡剂为碳源和氮源，以氢氧化钾为活化剂，采用一步化学活化法制备了具有高比表面积的氮掺杂活性炭。采用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、N2吸附-脱附、X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、拉曼光谱（Raman）、光电子能谱（XPS）对碳材料的微观形貌、组成、比表面积和孔道结构进行了表征。结果表明，在700℃活化的碳材料FC700具有最高的比表面积（2 740 m2·g-1）和最大的孔容（1.27 cm3·g-1），这归因于KOH与泡沫的充分相互作用。在以6.0 mol·L-1 KOH为电解液的三电极体系中，当电流密度为0.5 A·g-1时，其比电容达到了452 F·g-1。在组装的对称超级电容器中，其比电容达到了344 F·g-1，功率密度为247 W·kg-1时对应的能量密度为11.9 Wh·kg-1。在10 000次循环后电容保持率为98.03%，表现出优异的稳定性。FC700的优异电化学性能可能归因于高的比表面积，大的孔体积和氮原子的掺杂。 | |
| 关键词: 聚氨酯 发泡剂 KOH活化 碳 超级电容器 | |
| 基金项目: 浙江省自然科学基金（No.LQ13G020010，LY16B070001）和国家自然科学基金（No.21203167）资助项目。 | |
| Abstract: N-doped carbons with high surface areas were prepared through one-step chemical activation by using polyurethane foam as carbon and nitrogen source and KOH as activation agent. The morphology, elemental content, surface area and the pore structure of the resulting carbon-based products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The carbon-based product obtained at 700℃ (FC700) possesses the largest surface area and pore volume, contributing by the interaction between KOH and the polyurethane foam. In three-electrode system, the capacitance can reach up to 452 F·g-1 at a current density of 0.5 A·g-1 in 6.0 mol·L-1 KOH solution. In a symmetric supercapacitor, the capacitance can reach 344 F·g-1 and the energy density is 11.9 Wh·kg-1 at the power density of 247 W·kg-1. And the capacitance can maintain 98.03% of the initial capacitance, demonstrating the excellent stability. The excellent electrochemical performance of FC700 can be ascribed to the high surface area, large pore volume and nitrogen doping. | |
| Keywords: polyurethane foam KOH activation carbon supercapacitor | |
| 投稿时间：2019-06-06 修订日期：2019-07-28 | |
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| 辛冉冉,缪杭锦,姜伟,胡庚申.氮掺杂高比表面多孔碳的一步化学活化法制备及其超电容性能[J].无机化学学报,2019,35(10):1781-1790. | |
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